ABSTRACT The resistance of a weed to a herbicide may be accompanied by an ecological disadvantage, which can hinder the establishment of resistant biotypes when the herbicide is not used. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the growth and phenology of two biotypes of Raphanus raphanistrum, one susceptible and the other resistant to ALS inhibitors. The research was carried out from August to December 2020, conducting two simultaneous experiments, with the susceptible and resistant biotypes grown as single crops or together with wheat. The parameters under evaluation were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight, growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, and phenology - determined using the BBCH scale. The results showed not only that development and growth in the sensitive biotype was greater compared to the resistant biotype, but also the precocity of the biotype. The only variable for which the resistant biotype was superior was root dry weight. Cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors resulted in a difference in the growth and phenology of the resistant biotype that should be better evaluated, as the populations present large genetic differences.

ABSTRACT: The resistance of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass) to cyhalofop-p-butyl has already been confirmed in rice fields in Santa Catarina, Brazil. However, it is not known if this resistance affects other ACCase inhibitors. This study evaluated the occurrence of cross-resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli biotypes from the main rice-growing regions of Santa Catarina to ACCase inhibitors. The research was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with a factorial scheme that included three ACCase-inhibiting herbicides (cyhalofop-p-butyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, and profoxydim) belonging to two chemical groups (aryl-oxifenoxi-propionates and cyclohexanediones), eight herbicide doses, and four biotypes evaluated in the F1 generation and two biotypes evaluated in the F2 generation. These biotypes were selected based on the results of a preliminary trial with 21 populations. The herbicides were applied when the plants presented two true leaves. After control evaluations, the lethal dose required to control 50% and 80% of the population (LD50 and LD80) and the resistance factor (RF) were determined by nonlinear regression. The results showed that only one biotype from Tubarão, Santa Catarina met all statistical and agronomic criteria and had cross-resistance to ACCase inhibitors confirmed. In both generations, the RF was greater than 1.0, and the dose required to achieve 80% control exceeded the maximum recommended dose on the label. Resistance levels were higher for herbicides belonging to the aryl-oxifenoxi-propionate chemical group, with RF greater than 7.0. For the cyclohexanedione chemical group, the RF was less than 5.0.

RESUMO: A resistência de capim-arroz (Echinochloa crus-galli) ao cyhalofop-p-butyl já foi confirmada em áreas de produção de arroz de Santa Catarina, entretanto não se sabe se essa resistência compromete outros inibidores da ACCase. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de resistência cruzada em biótipos de capim-arroz das principais regiões orizícolas do Estado de Santa Catarina a inibidores de ACCase. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial, sendo: três herbicidas inibidores de ACCase (cyhalofop-p-butyl; quizalofop-p-ethyl e profoxydim) pertencentes a dois grupos químicos (ariloxifenoxipropionatos e ciclohexanodionas); oito doses dos herbicidas e quatro biótipos foram avaliados na geração F1 e dois biótipos na geração F2. Estes biótipos foram selecionados a partir dos resultados de um ensaio preliminar com 21 populações. A aplicação foi realizada quando as plantas apresentaram duas folhas verdadeiras. Após as avaliações de controle determinou-se, por regressão não-linear, a dose letal necessária para controlar 50% e 80% da população (DL50 e DL80) e o fator de resistência (FR). Os resultados demonstraram que apenas um biótipo de Tubarão-SC atendeu todos os critérios estatísticos e agronômicos e teve a resistência cruzada a inibidores da ACCase confirmada. Nas duas gerações observou-se que o FR foi superior a 1,0 e que a dose necessária para atingir o controle de 80% excedeu a dose máxima recomendada em bula. O nível de resistência foi superior para os herbicidas do grupo químico ariloxifenoxipropionatos, com FR maior que 7,0. Para o grupo químico ciclohexanodionas o FR foi menor que 5,0.

RESUMO Acredita-se que o uso de sementes de alto vigor aliado ao ajuste da densidade na semeadura pode garantir altas produtividades, porém esta prática levanta dúvidas quanto ao seu efeito no cultivo do arroz pela sua capacidade de perfilhamento. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a influência do ajuste da densidade de semeadura pelo vigor sobre o estabelecimento inicial de plântulas a campo. Realizou-se uma caracterização fisiológica utilizando teste de germinação, vigor pelo envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica, primeira contagem, comprimento de parte aérea, raiz e plântula e massa seca nas safras 2019/2020 e 2020/2021 sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Em seguida, foi selecionado lotes de sementes, onde uma fração deles foi submetida a redução artificial do vigor. Posteriormente foi realizada a semeadura nas principais regiões produtoras de Santa Catarina, sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, considerando os tratamentos sem ajuste da densidade, com ajuste pela germinação e com ajuste pelo vigor no envelhecimento acelerado. Aos vinte e um dias após a semeadura foi avaliado as plântulas emergidas por área. Observou-se interação entre os fatores ajuste da densidade e qualidade da semente, já que mesmo com o ajuste da densidade pelo vigor, o lote de menor qualidade apresentou número de plântulas emergidas inferior, não equivalendo ao desempenho do lote com qualidade superior. Desta forma, conclui-se que o ajuste da densidade de semeadura pelo vigor aliado ao uso de sementes com alto vigor proporciona um incremento significativo na emergência de plantas no estabelecimento inicial a campo.

ABSTRACT The use of high-vigor seeds combined with seeding density adjustment at sowing is speculated to ensure high yields. However, certain doubts regarding the effect of this combined approach on rice cultivation remain owing to the tillering capacity. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the effects of seeding density adjustment according to vigor on the initial establishment of seedlings in the field. A physiological characterization was conducted using the germination test, vigor by accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, first count, shoot length, root length, total seedling length, and dry mass in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The evaluations were conducted using a completely randomized design with four replications. Subsequently, the seed lots were selected, from which a fraction of seeds were submitted to artificial vigor reduction. Afterward, these seeds were sown in the main producing regions of the state of Santa Catarina, under a randomized block design with four replications. Three treatment groups were formed: one without density adjustment, one with adjustment by germination, and one with adjustment by vigor in accelerated aging. Twenty-one days after sowing, the number of emerged seedlings per unit area was determined. An interaction between the factors of adjustment for density and seed quality was observed. This was evidenced in the fact that even with the adjustment of density by vigor, the seed lot with lower quality presented the emergence of a lower number of seedlings, and the performance of these seeds was not equivalent to that observed in the lot with superior quality. Accordingly, it was concluded that the seeding density adjustment by vigor combined with the use of seeds with high-vigor is a suitable strategy for achieving a significant increase in plant emergence during the initial establishment in the field.

Resumo O artigo investigou os efeitos de uso da versão brasileira do Guia da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação (GAM-BR) em grupos de intervenção em serviços públicos saúde mental. Objetiva-se analisar narrativas de usuários, psiquiatras e demais profissionais a partir da relação de cada um deles com a prescrição medicamentosa, mote do trabalho com o Guia. Participaram da pesquisa três CAPS do sul do país, integrantes da pesquisa multicêntrica GAM-BR. O áudio das falas produzidas nos grupos focais e nas entrevistas foi gravado, transcrito e transformado em narrativas por meio da extração dos núcleos argumentais. Os resultados apontam para a ampliação da concepção de autonomia e maior reconhecimento dos direitos dos usuários. Sugere, porém, dificuldades no exercício desses direitos, especialmente com relação ao tratamento medicamentoso, visto como condição para manutenção do vínculo com os serviços. Ressalta a importância de maior reflexão, tendo em vista a manutenção da lógica da escolha, privatizante e individualista, em detrimento da lógica do cuidado que valoriza o trabalho em rede e a corresponsabilização.

Abstract This article analyzed the effects of using the Brazilian version of the Autonomous Medication Management Guide (GAM-BR) in intervention groups in mental health services. Users, psychiatrists and other professionals’ narratives were verified to check the relationship of each one with the prescription, the main principle of the guide. Three CAPS (mental health care services) from the south of the country have participated in this research, all members of the multicentric research GAM-BR. The material was audio-recorded, transcribed and transformed in narratives. The results show increase of the conception of autonomy and wider acknowledgment of users’ rights. A broadening concept of users’ autonomy and a greater recognition of their rights was observed. However, issues were found in the exercise of rights, especially regarding drug treatment, which was seen as a condition for their bond maintenance with services. Further reflection on this subject is emphasized, owing to maintaining the logic of choice, which focuses on privatization and individualism, instead of the care that enhances network and co-responsibility.

Resumen El artículo investiga los efectos de uso de la Guía de Gestión Autónoma de la Medicación (GAM-BR), versión brasileña, en grupos de intervención en servicios de salud mental. El objetivo fue analizar narrativas de usuarios, psiquiatras y otros profesionales a partir de su relación con la prescripción de medicamentos, principio del trabajo con la Guía. Participaron en la investigación tres CAPS (Centros de atención psicosocial) del Sur del país, todos miembros de la investigación multicéntrica acerca de la GAM. Todo el material de audio fue grabado, transcrito y transformado en narrativas por medio de la extracción de los núcleos de significación. Se señala la expansión de la noción de autonomía de los usuarios y un mayor reconocimiento de sus derechos. Se presentaron dificultades para avanzar en el ejercicio de esos derechos, especialmente en cuanto al tratamiento farmacológico, que todavía se ve como una condición a la manutención del vínculo con los servicios. Es necesaria una mayor reflexión acerca del tema, considerando la manutención de la lógica de la elección, privatizante e individualista, en lugar de una lógica del cuidado que valorice el trabajo en la red y la corresponsabilización.

Abstract Background: Garlic cultivation is characterized by low capacity of competition with weed, mainly due to the characteristics of the canopy and it´s slow initial growth that make it difficult to cover the soil. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides applied in the pre-emergence of two garlic cultivars in the edaphoclimatic condition of Santa Catarina State. Methods: Two experiments were carried out in the commercial garlic area with Ito and Chonan cultivars. Both experiments were conducted in randomized block design. The traits for Ito cultivar were without weed control, with weed control, with linuron (810 g ha-1), diuron (1,000 g ha-1), pendimethalin (1600 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (1200 g ha-1), oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1) or flumioxazin (40 g ha-1). For the experiment with Chonan cultivar the treatment composed by oxadiazon (1000 g ha-1) was included. The analyzed variables were based on weed community control and phytotoxicity, stand, diameter of bulbs and productivity of garlic. Results: The infesting species of the experiment with the cultivar Ito were Stellaria media and Stachys arvensis, whereas for Chonan, only the first was found. The herbicides applied in pre-emergence were efficient in controlling these species until 45 days after application - DAA. The highest injuries at 45 DAA were caused by S-metolachlor, with 33% for Ito cultivar and 10% for Chonan. The best herbicides, taking into account weed control and productivity, were pendimethalin and S-metolachlor, for the Ito cultivar, and pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, and flumioxazin for the Chonan cultivar. Conclusions: The pendimethalin stood out for presenting excellent weed control and being selective for both garlic cultivars.

Abstract Background: Rice lines displaying resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl (quizalofop), an acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide, were developed to facilitate control of imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice (red rice), as well as other susceptible grasses. Objective: To assess the sensitivity of weedy rice accessions from Brazil to quizalofop. Methods: Two bioassays were conducted on the greenhouse from March to June 2016, in a completely random design with a two-factor factorial combination of treatments and four replications. The factor A was weedy rice accession and factor B was quizalofop rates (0, 25 and 50 g a.i. ha-1). It was assessed a total of 84 genotypes in the two bioassays, composed of 78 weedy rice accessions, 4 rice cultivars, and 2 lines resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicides. Quizalofop was applied the 2-leaf stage. Weedy rice control was evaluated at 28 and 22 days after treatment (DAT), respectively for bioassay I and II, using a scale of 0% (no control) to 100% (dead). Results: All weedy rice accessions were susceptible to quizalofop, being controlled 100% with 50 g a.i. ha-1. Rice lines SC 964 and SC 965, resistant to AOPP herbicides, were not injured by quizalofop. Conclusions: quizalofop is an effective tool for weedy rice control in ACCase-resistant rice.

Abstract Background: Weed management is a challenge in paddy rice production, mainly due to the dispersal of a population resistant to herbicides. Objective: To assess the efficacy of chemical weed control in the off-season to reduce weedy rice and other species in water-seeded or drilled rice. Methods: Two experiments were carried out in a flat field to water-seeded or drilled rice, in randomized block design. The water-seeded system treatments were organized in a split-plot design. In the plot were evaluated two water management in the off-season (with or without continuous flooding), and in the subplot nine herbicides-treatments were evaluated (Check, clomazone at 0.72 and 1.08 kg a.i. ha-1, oxadiazon at 1.00 and 1.50 kg a.i. ha-1, oxyfluorfen at 0.312 and 0.48 kg a.i. ha-1, S-metolachlor at 1.44 kg a.i. ha-1, and flumioxazin a 0.075 kg a.i. ha-1). In the drilled rice experiment, the treatments were organized in a two-factor factorial. The factor A was nine herbicides treatments (the same herbicide and rates applied in water-seeded experiment) and the factor B was two application time (73 and 43 days before of rice-sowing). Results: Off-season management was efficient to reduce weedy rice infestation only on the paddy rice system using the pre-germinated seeds. In this assay, flumioxazin was an efficient alternative to giant arrowhead control, however the selectivity of this herbicide treatment needs to be studied. In dry-seeded system, herbicide sprayed in off-season reduced barnyardgrass infestation until the paddy rice sowing. Conclusions: The off-season management was efficient to reduce weedy rice and giant arrowhead infestation in water-seeded system, and barnyardgrass infestation in drill-seeded system.

RESUMO A persistência dos herbicidas no solo é extremamente importante para proporcionar controle de plantas daninhas durante o período crítico de interferência e determinar quais culturas poderão ser implantadas nos cultivos sucedâneos. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do metsulfuron-methyl aplicado em diferentes períodos em relação a semeadura da soja, buscando-se determinar o intervalo de tempo seguro entre a sua aplicação e a semeadura desta leguminosa, em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo um no município de Campo Mourão-PR (safra 2014/15) e outro em Curitibanos-SC (safra 2015/16). Ambos experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 6 + 1, onde o fator A representou duas doses de metsulfuron-methyl (1,98 e 3,96 g ha-1) e o fator B seis épocas entre a aplicação do metsulfuron-methyl e a semeadura da soja (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias após a aplicação - DAA), além de uma testemunha sem a aplicação do herbicida, para servir como padrão de comparação. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de fitointoxicação, altura de plantas, estande, número de vagens por planta, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade. Notou-se diferença na persistência do metsulfuron-methyl para os experimentos de Campo Mourão-PR e Curitibanos-SC, sendo maior para o primeiro município. O intervalo seguro entre a aplicação do metsulfuron-methyl e a semeadura da soja foi de 17 dias para o experimento de Curitibanos-SC e de 40 dias para Campo Mourão-PR. O volume de precipitação, o pH e a matéria orgânica são os principais fatores que podem ter influenciado na duração deste intervalo.

ABSTRACT The persistence of herbicides in the soil is extremely important for controlling weeds during the critical period of weed interference, and for determining which substitute crops might be sown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metsulfuron-methyl when applied at different times in relation to sowing soybean, seeking to determine a safe interval between its application and sowing the legume under different conditions of soil and climate. Two experiments were conducted, one in the district of Campo Mourão in the state of Paraná (PR) (2014/15 crop) and the other in Curitibanos in the state of Santa Catarina (SC) (2015/16 crop). Both experiments were carried out in a randomised block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 6 + 1 factorial scheme, where factor A represented two doses of metsulfuron-methyl (1.98 and 3.96 g ha-1), and factor B six different intervals between applying the metsulfuron-methyl and sowing the soybean (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after application - DAA), in addition to a control without the application of herbicide, to serve as a standard for comparison. The following were evaluated: percentage phytotoxicity, plant height, stand, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight and productivity. A difference was seen in the persistence of metsulfuron-methyl for the experiments in Campo Mourão PR, and Curitibanos SC, and was greater for Campo Mourão. The safe interval between applying the metsulfuron-methyl and sowing the soybean was 17 days for the experiment in Curitibanos and 40 days for Campo Mourão. Precipitation volume, pH and organic matter are the main factors to possibly have influenced this interval.

RESUMO Índices de vegetação na delimitação de zonas de manejo para a soja A delimitação de zonas para fins de manejo específico pode ser uma abordagem operacional e economicamente viável na agricultura de precisão. Objetivou-se investigar a relação entre índices espectrais amostrados durante diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura da soja e as zonas de produtividade da lavoura. Atributos do solo estratificados em cada zona e a influência da altitude também foram estudados. Foram calculados os índices de razão simples, de vegetação por diferença normalizada e de vegetação ajustado ao solo, durante os estádios V6, R5 e R5.5 da soja. Procedeu-se à análise de dependência espacial via semivariogramas para os índices de vegetação, produtividade da soja e elevação do terreno. O mapa da produtividade foi tomado como referência para avaliar a concordância espacial com os diferentes mapas gerados a partir dos índices espectrais. Os valores médios de atributos químicos e granulométricos do solo foram calculados e analisados por teste de médias entre as zonas delineadas. A divisão do campo em duas zonas de manejo, em função da combinação da altitude, índice de razão simples do estádio V6 e índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo do estádio R5.5, foi a que apresentou maior concordância com o mapa de produtividade da soja. Foram identificadas diferenças nos teores de fósforo, argila e silte, nas zonas de manejo delineadas.

ABSTRACT The delimitation of site-specific management zones may be an operational and economically feasible approach in precision agriculture. This study aimed at investigating the spatial correlations between spectral indexes sampled during different growth stages of soybean and crop yield. Soil attributes stratified in each zone and the influence of altitude were also assessed. The simple ratio index, normalized difference vegetation index and soil-adjusted vegetation index were calculated for soybean at the V6, R5 and R5.5 stages. Spatial dependence analysis via semivariogram was performed for the vegetation indexes, soybean yield and terrain elevation. The crop yield map was taken as a reference to assess the spatial agreement with the different maps generated from the spectral indexes. The average values for chemical and granulometric soil attributes were calculated and analyzed by their means among the zones delineated. The field division into two management zones, due to the combination of altitude, simple ratio index of the V6 stage and soil-adjusted vegetation index of the R5.5 stage, showed the highest agreement with the soybean yield map. Differences between the delineated zones were identified for the phosphorus, clay and silt contents.

RESUMO O Brasil figura como um dos maiores produtores de grãos do mundo em função de suas extensas áreas agricultáveis e do clima favorável ao cultivo de grande número de espécies. A produção poderia ser maior, mas problemas como a competição das culturas com plantas daninhas reduzem a produtividade das culturas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a distribuição espacial de plantas daninhas em especial serralha (Sonchus oleraceus), buva (Conyza spp.) e maria-mole (Senecio brasiliensis) em área de plantio direto durante duas safras agrícolas. O trabalho foi realizado durante os anos agrícolas de 2013/14 e 2014/15 em uma área de 22,5 ha na qual se cultiva soja no verão e aveia no inverno. Para o mapeamento das plantas daninhas foi utilizada uma grade amostral composta por 85 pontos; em cada ponto amostral foi contabilizado o número de plantas presentes em 0,25 m2. Os dados coletados em campo compuseram o banco de informações e foram utilizados para análise geoestatística e produção dos mapas. Utilizando análise geoestatística foi possível mapear a infestação de buva na área de estudos para a safra 2013/14. As plantas daninhas maria-mole e serralha não apresentaram dependência espacial; na safra 2014/2015, em função do manejo realizado na entressafra, nenhuma espécie estudada apresentou dependência espacial.

ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the largest grain producers in the world, due to its extensive arable land and favorable climate for the cultivation of any species. The production could be higher, but problems such as competition between crops and weeds reduces crop yields. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of weeds, especially milkweed (Sonchus oleraceus), horse weed (Conyza spp.) and ‘maria-mole’ (Senecio brasiliensis) in an area under no-tillage system for two harvests. The work was carried out during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 crop years in an area of 22.5 ha, where soybean is grown in the summer and oat in the winter. The weeds were mapped using a sampling grid of 85 points. The number of plants present in 0.25 m2 was recorded at each sampling point. The data collected in the field composed the information bank and were used for geostatistical analysis and production of maps. Using geostatistical analysis, it was possible to map the horseweed infestation in the studied area for the 2013/14 season. The species ‘maria-mole’ and milkweed did not show spatial dependence. During the 2014/2015 season, because of the management carried out in the off season, none of the studied species showed spatial dependence.

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a influência de diferentes grades amostrais na recomendação de aplicação de calcário em um Latossolo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma propriedade rural localizada em Sidrolândia/MS, região do cerrado brasileiro. No mapeamento dos atributos do solo utilizou-se uma grade amostral regular composta por 99 pontos, distribuídos em uma área de 90 ha. Da grade amostral inicial outras duas foram originadas por meio da exclusão de pontos ou linhas, uma com 51 e outra com 27 pontos. Calculou-se, com base nos resultados das análises de solo, a recomendação de aplicação de calcário em cada ponto amostral. Utilizando técnicas de geoestatística estudou-se a variabilidade espacial da recomendação de aplicação de calcário para cada configuração de grade amostral testada. Por meio de krigagem, mapas de aplicação de calcário foram confeccionados. Após as análises concluiu-se que com a redução do número de pontos amostrais 11% da área de estudo apresentaram superestimativa e 8% subestimativa na dose de calcário recomendada, quando comparada com a recomendação feita utilizando grade com maior número de pontos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sampling grids density in the lime requirements in an Oxisol. The experiment was conducted at a rural property located in Sidrolândia city, Mato Grosso do Sul state, in the Brazilian ‘Cerrado’. In the soil attributes mapping, regular sampling grid was used consisting of 99 points, spread over an area of 90 ha. Other two grids (51 and 27 points) were derived by deleting lines or lines and points from the original one. Based on the results of soil analysis, the lime requirement at each sample point was calculated. Using geostatistical techniques the spatial variability of lime requirement was studied and grid configuration for each sample was tested. By kriging, maps were made. By reducing the number of sampling points, 11% of the experimental area showed an overestimation and 8% underestimation comparing with the lime requirement made using the highest sampling grid density.

RESUMO Artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa com usuários de crack e seus familiares quanto a percepção sobre acesso e avaliação da qualidade dos serviços oferecidos em internação em hospital geral. Pesquisa realizada em onze hospitais conveniados com o SUS de municípios da região Macro Metropolitana do Rio Grande do Sul. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, com a coleta dos dados através de entrevistas estruturadas com usuários e familiares. Os dados analisados através de estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostram satisfação de usuários e familiares sobre o acesso e serviços prestados na internação. Avaliação esta importante para subsidiar e direcionar as políticas públicas em desenvolvimento nos hospitais gerais, com o intuito de permanente qualificação da atenção aos usuários de crack.

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a survey carried out with crack users and their families regarding their perception in relation to access and assessment of the quality of services offered in hospitalizations at General Hospitals. The survey was carried out in eleven hospitals under SUS (National Health Service) in the municipalities belonging to the macro metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul. A quantitative approach to data collection was used in this study as well as interviews with patients and their families. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results showed user and family satisfaction in relation to access and services provided in hospitals. Such evaluation is important to support and direct public policies being developed in general hospitals, with the aim of a continuing qualification of attention given to crack users.

RESUMO Artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa com usuários de crack e seus familiares quanto a percepção sobre acesso e avaliação da qualidade dos serviços oferecidos em internação em hospital geral. Pesquisa realizada em onze hospitais conveniados com o SUS de municípios da região Macro Metropolitana do Rio Grande do Sul. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, com a coleta dos dados através de entrevistas estruturadas com usuários e familiares. Os dados analisados através de estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostram satisfação de usuários e familiares sobre o acesso e serviços prestados na internação. Avaliação esta importante para subsidiar e direcionar as políticas públicas em desenvolvimento nos hospitais gerais, com o intuito de permanente qualificação da atenção aos usuários de crack. geral Sul quantitativa descritiva gerais

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a survey carried out with crack users and their families regarding their perception in relation to access and assessment of the quality of services offered in hospitalizations at General Hospitals. The survey was carried out in eleven hospitals under SUS (National Health Service) in the municipalities belonging to the macro metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul. A quantitative approach to data collection was used in this study as well as interviews with patients and their families. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results showed user and family satisfaction in relation to access and services provided in hospitals. Such evaluation is important to support and direct public policies being developed in general hospitals, with the aim of a continuing qualification of attention given to crack users. Hospitals National Service Sul statistics

Em razão da escassez de informações a respeito de como o pH do solo interfere no potencial de lixiviação de herbicidas em solos tropicais, foram realizados ensaios com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da calagem do solo na lixiviação dos herbicidas trifloxysulfuron-sodium e pyrithiobac-sodium, após simulação de diferentes lâminas de precipitações. Para isso, foram realizados dois ensaios simultaneamente, um para o trifloxysulfuron-sodium (7,5 g ha-1) e outro para o pyrithiobac-sodium (70 g ha-1), em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 x 5, sendo os fatores duas condições de calagem do solo (com e sem calagem), 4 lâminas de irrigação (0, 15, 30 e 45 mm) e 5 profundidades na coluna (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 e 20-25 cm). Os experimentos foram repetidos no tempo, mudando-se apenas a fonte utilizada para neutralização do solo (calcário dolomítico e óxido de cálcio, respectivamente). O herbicida pyrithiobacsodium apresentou maior potencial de lixiviação que o trifloxysulfuron-sodium. Em solos submetidos à calagem, há maior movimentação de ambos herbicidas. Somente a calagem do solo com óxido de cálcio proporcionou lixiviação expressiva de trifloxysulfuron-sodium para profundidades maiores do que 20 cm. Lâminas a partir de 15 mm proporcionaram acentuada lixiviação de pyrithiobac-sodium em solos com pH próximo da neutralidade, sendo este herbicida detectado até 25 cm de profundidade.

Scarce research has been published concerning the effect of soil pH on the leaching potential of herbicides in tropical soils. Thus, we designed this study to evaluate the influence of soil liming on the leaching of trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium after simulated rainfall depths in soil columns. In the study, two trials were conducted simultaneously; the first experiment evaluated trifloxysulfuron-sodium (7.5 g ha-1), while the second experiment evaluated pyrithiobac-sodium (70 g ha-1). Both experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with a 2 x 4 x 5 factorial scheme and four replications. The design's factors corresponded to 2 soil liming conditions (with or without liming), 4 simulated rainfall depths (0, 15, 30, and 45 mm) and 5 depths in the soil column (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, and 20-25 cm). The trials were repeated, and only the source for the soil neutralization was changed, i.e., dolomitic limestone in Experiment 1 and calcium oxide in Experiment 2. Compared to trifloxysulfuronsodium, the herbicide pyrithiobac-sodium indicated a greater potential for leaching. With more acidic soils, the leaching potential in limed soils was greater for both herbicides. Only the liming that used calcium oxide provided a significant leaching of trifloxysulfuron-sodium for depths greater than 20 cm. Simulated rainfall > 15 mm provided leaching of pyrithiobac-sodium to a depth of 25 cm at near-neutral soil pH values.